The fight over fairness that revolutionized math
Audience: high-schoolundergraduate
Tags: probabilityprobability-theoryexpected-valueaverageexpectation
In a famous series of letters, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat invented — or discovered — one of the most important concepts in probability theory: the expected value. But they weren’t even thinking about randomness or chance — they were trying to find a fair solution to a gambling problem. This is the story of how the quest for fairness turned into the foundations of probability theory.
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This was fantastic and something I would definitely show to students. I appreciate the historical background and starting out with a problem where students can already apply their intuition, as well as showing why some “obvious” approaches give unreasonable answers. The pacing was fairly slow but I think this is good for new students, especially those who might feel easily overwhelmed with new concepts.
My only minor comment would be to have a little more setup when introducing the binomial coefficient notation, even saying something like “we’ll define this shortly if you haven’t seen it before”.
Excited to check out your other videos :)
This was a truly excellent video. I really like the clarity and most importantly the historical context of the problem. It made doing probability very interesting because of the connection to Fermat and Pascal. Keep up the good work.
It is a very simple concept that has been explained quite a bit before, but you did a really good job explaining. I like how you brought history into it.
I like the way the topic is introduced in terms of a problem that everyone can think about on their own at first. It’s a nice way of teaching the expectation value instead of just giving the theory and the basic boring examples. All the concepts have been explained clearly and not much additional background is required. In terms of novelty, this topic has been discussed by many people before, but this video still has something special about it as it puts the specific fairness problem in the foreground. The only reason why I am not giving more points are the following: The overall style of the video doesn’t resonate with me fully, it feels a bit sterile and lifeless. Additionally, the video itself is not super memorable. It covers nothing entirely new and the way things are presented does not create any big aha moments or new ways of viewing things for the general target audience. However, I hope I will remember the fairness problem in case I am going to teach the expectation value in the future. Thanks for the nice video!
I have come up with an excellent judgement for this video, but this input box is too small to hold it…
(or maybe it’s a good and thorough explanation, and I couldn’t resist referencing what you cited at the end)
The motivation is clearly presented at the start and it’s shown by counterexamples, why the method presented is the “correct” one. The explanations are clear for anyone in the target audience. The topic isn’t as new and doesn’t have a “mindblowing” moment in my opinion, but it could for someone who doesn’t have a good intuition in stochastics.
This is a great video with clear explanations and lovely visuals. I must compliment your clear speech with calm voice and a comfortable pace.
At the very beginning I felt the motivation lacking, until the interrupted game as explained. From that point everything felt natural and well-structured.
I think the level is appropriate for highschool students, although the link to probability theory felt incomplete. I personally expected a more emphasized connection between the concepts and the formulas.
The style is clean, no annoying background music. The presentation is superb, the delivery is engaging and interesting. The motivation at the beginning is very clear; however, as the video goes by it seems to add several new concepts that might confuse the viewer. I knew the story, still I enjoyed the whole video.
Good exposition.
Nice explanation, but should have gone more in-depth
Great historical motivation for the expectation value!