Summer of Math Exposition

This is about counting. Yes the same counting you learned probably as your first ever math lesson. Except this is a bit adult stuff where your intuition will be pushed to the limit. It is a math article although a good portion of it toes the line between math and physics. However it is written as a standalone math article. So besides the obvious demographic, I very much intended this for physicists too. If you are a mathematician reading this and have a physicist friend, please make sure your friend reads this. As for the rest, anyone who enjoys critical thinking, you are more than welcome to read.