Summer of Math Exposition

Presented by 3Blue1Brown 3blue1brown

What is holographic duality? (brief version)

Audience:

Tags: physics

A brief introduction to the theory of quantum gravity known as holographic duality or the AdS/CFT correspondence. We cover the basic terminology, the underlying geometry, and some of the entries of the "holographic dictionary". The goal is to give a flavor of the way geometry emerges from entanglement in this theory, thus showing that there is at least a conceivable world in which gravity and quantum go hand-in-hand. I think the median audience is undergraduates in math, physics, and related fields, but there is hopefully still something for high-school students and graduate students.


Analytics

5.94 Overall score*
78 Rank
19 Votes
12 Comments

Comments

5.5

“Brian Swingle” is a very fun name to say

6.5

This video is marked as having a target audience of high school, undergrad, and graduate levels. There is a lot of assumed familiarity with physics and intuitions/terminology about quantum mechanics that may not resonate with those below the 3rd or 4th year undergraduate level. I see that this is an abridged version of another video you made, but there is a fair bit of background missing. Even if you don’t explain this background yourself it may be useful to outline some prerequisite understanding for the video as a disclaimer at the start.

The motivations for where the video is going aren’t very clear over the course of it, e.g. the quantum field space uses circular geometry, but this is handed down from high rather than the natural solution to some wants/needs for operating in the space. Again, maybe a lot of this would be more obvious to higher level physics undergrads and grad students. But know thy audience.

I like the visualizations, pacing, and the explanation of the newly introduced jargon. It didn’t feel like this was meant to be a crazily technical or full explanation of the theory, and with that in mind you did a good job of just giving the ‘hand-wavy’ overview, having a mutual understanding that it’s just scratching the surface. Good job!

6.5

Athough the points that were made in the video were surprisingly clear given the extremely specialized topic (ads/cft correspondance), I would have liked some perspective on the boeader topic (quantum gravity). Is ads/cft a consensus amongst researchers ? Why or why not ? Since when ? etc …

7.5

Great introduction to a difficult topic, just wish it went more into the maths behind how the time is warped in the AdS space… and how did they arrive at the geometry being hyperbolic.

8

Moving slower and explain more could be nice, but maybe that’s in your full video

6.8

Very interesting topic, but it is too brief. I’ll watch the non-brief version. I’ll vote this assuming that it is meant to be short and interesting.

4

This is a well made video with slick animations and a very professional voiceover!

I personally wasn’t able to form the connections much. It seems like I’ve learned a list of facts/phenomenon that show how these two structures are similar, but I couldn’t follow the part of how it all connects with entanglement to get to a deeper truth in the end. Of course the title does say “brief”, so I can see a longer piece working much better, I hope we get to see it :)

3

I had a difficult time understanding the application of this information. I would recommend making that more clear. It’s also possible that I’m just not the intended audience for the video, so take my advice with a grain of salt.

6

Overall, the presentation, the animations and the explanations in this video are nice and your voice is very suitable for explainers like this. However, I think the entire subject of the video is not very accessible. Even for me as a computational physicist who has partially heard of this before, I am asking myself a few things: Why should I care? Why is this interesting? How does this apply to reality (as far as I know our universe cannot be described with an AdS spacetime which has not been mentioned in the video)? Why is it important to put research efforts into this? All these questions remained unanswered and it remained on a very abstract and conceptual level which makes it not very accessible, even for people with a general interest in physics. For the small amount of people in this community it might be helpful and interesting but if they work in this field they will probably already know much more about it.

5.8

A bit more detail/examples would be very interesting.

4

This video attempts to explain something fairly technical and complex to a more general audience. I think it succeeds at doing that for certain audiences. Viewers with a lot of general technical background like graduate students in technical fields not physics AND solid interest and experience with some of physics. I think it would a challenge for an undergraduate not studying physics or a high school student.

It’s hard to gauge things that might be confusing or unclear since I have a very strong background in math (a PhD studying energy functions defined on knots). Some the analogies are very natural and give some good insight into the problem.

When those analogies are combined to make something more complex, it becomes much harder to follow. I think packing less in a video would have worked as a better introduction and then maybe more videos would be needed to get as far as they attempted in this video - this may also have been present in the non-brief version.

I think this was a wonderful, ambitious effort and the visuals were clear, interesting, and help them explain their subject!

Knowing a bit more about the holographic theory they discuss. It would have been nice to have a bit more context mentioning the cons of the theory - they only cover the pros. Not using a lot of time but giving more balance.

4

I appreciate the effort to bring the material down towards a general audience, and I really like the ‘boundary’/‘bulk’ dichotomy as an explanation. Unfortunately, I’m not sure that the level was consistent; there were sections where I thought too much was being elided and the explanation was too general-audience, and at the same time other sections where it felt like the viewer was expected to have strong background knowledge of the core physics/mathematics behind it (e.g. CFTs). Your passion for the topic shines through, and the video quality was solid; I think you just have to work on your skill at condensing the material down and filtering it.