Summer of Math Exposition

Presented by 3Blue1Brown 3blue1brown

A Simple Question That Leads to the Heart of Calculus

Audience:

Tags: analysis

A video on the epsilon delta definition of a limit, motivated by the problem of whether 0.999... = 1 is true.


Analytics

5 Overall score*
120 Rank
13 Votes
8 Comments

Comments

6.5

Great video! The 0.999… = 1 topic is a great starting point for limits, and one I have used many times when introducing the idea of a limit. The visualization on the numberline with the little balls was quite nice. As a teaching tool overall though I think this went by a bit quick: for someone who knows the idea already it is a nice speed but for someone who is just learning it, simple details should be spelled out. A good example is the correspondance between |x-1/9| and the radius of the circle: if you are practiced in this, the fact that absolute value tells you this distance is second hand but this could have been spelled out more in the video. Similarly, going from sequences n to delta I think was done too fast: if you want students to absorb this it has to be a lot slower. (Overall my feeling would be in a 10 minute video that you could do just sequences and then talk about epislon/delta in a different video. The prime number theorem at the end could be expanded into the “motivation” for sequences). Great video overall, and the visualizations on the numberline could support student learning. Overall score as a youtube video: 7.5 overall score as a teaching tool: 6.5

5.5

The motivation is quite clear, it’s about understanding the definition of limits. It’s explaining the classical definition of limits (eps, delta), and the principle to explain it with balls is common.

In terms of clarity, I think the video could benefit from having more quantities from the definition explained on the graph:

  • For the limit of sequences, showing several elements of the sequences at the same time on the line, to show that when you zoom in with the epsilon ball, you have a different N, but you always find points inside the ball
  • For the continuity, showing visually how an epsilon-change translates into a delta-change.
  • For people not knowing these definitions already, I believe the switch to limit of sequence to continuity probably needs to be explain a bit more that just “replace N with the variable delta”.
4

Audio could be recorded more cleanly. Occasionally there are noises like bumping the microphone entirely after a line, where it could have been cut out in post without even rerecording. Pronunciation of some words is clear but others are slightly slurred. For example I heard a few d’rivative instead of derivative.

The music is changing volume a bit too abruptly, especially for very small loudness spikes inside slight pauses of speech that can be distracting. It’d be good to leave it quieter entirely and only manually increase the volume for the few long moments of pause, or to add a minimum time under which the music stays quiet.

8:24, no time given to read the equation. Even while pausing, I don’t find this statement easy to parse when not very familiar with the syntax (Which is likely if you don’t know the contents of the video). I’d simply explain it as something like “clearly if x — x appears — is within distance delta of 1 — |x-1| < δ appears, the x slotting over the existing x — then x+1 — the x+1 appears — must be closer to 2 than distance epsilon (which equals distance delta) — | x + 1 - 2 | < ε = δ slots in”.

5

Very nice introduction, you could’ve connected more ideas to it as well but still very good.

9

Great video overall ! Very good visuals and animations. Everything is explained properly and not rushed. Loved it

5

Touched on some good topics with some good animations and commentary, but it felt like none of the topics were addressed particularly deeply or with novelty.

4.5

Animations are super smooth and clear.

1

It’s confusing and incorrect to say the number line represents numbers with finitely many digits. The number line is an abstract model of the real numbers, and that model is more useful if it fits all the reals, regardless of their decimal expansion. You even mark 1/9 on the number line multiple times, suggesting that you don’t really believe what you’re saying. A limit of sums of 10^-k would have been easier to explain than a limit of sequences and it would have avoided this pitfall.

The green circle visual was not useful because you never show numbers in the sequence outside the green circle. The circle is always too big.

If you’re going to put the epsilon-delta definition on screen, at least read it out loud.

Unfortunately, I think someone who didn’t understand why 0.999… = 1 might leave your video more confused than before.